Mechanical and metallurgical properties of various nickel. How can properties be modified by post heat treatment. Pdf mechanical characterization of monel 400 and 316 stainless. Alloy 600 n06600 na14 alloy 600 is a nonmagnetic nickelchromiumiron high temperature alloy with an excellent combination of high strength, hot and cold workability and high corrosion. Nickel alloys work harden rapidly, and the high pressures produced during machining cause a hardening effect that slows further machining and may also cause warping in small parts. The alloy has excellent resistance to a variety of corrosive environments from mildly oxidizing through neutral and in moderately reducing. The producer shall report awtm information all elements in table 1 for which a limit is given for any alloy in the same alloy family. Monel is a group of nickel alloys, primarily composed of nickel from 52 to 67% and copper. Monel is a group of nickel alloys, primarily composed of nickel up to 67% and copper, with small amounts of iron, manganese, carbon, and silicon. At rolled alloys, our people are the core of our company. Protaper next, reciproc, and waveone for the mwire alloy.
Monel alloys are formed with the alloying constituents of nickel and copper, with some alloys containing significant additions of aluminium and others for specific purposes. Figures 2 and 3 are based on typical data that show relationships between properties of rods and forgings and. Used for meter and valve parts, fasteners, and screwmachine products. Fabrication alloy 400 is easily fabricable by following the standard methods. Alloys with copper contents 60% or more are called cupronickel. The standard forms in which monel alloys are available are hexagon, flats, forging stock, tube and pipe. Alloy k500 is a precipitationhardenable nickelcopper alloy which is also known as monel k500 monel is special metals corporations trademark for a family of nickelcopper alloys. Precipitation hardening in nickelcopper base alloy monel. Although langley alloys supply alloy k500 in all conditions, we predominantly supply material in the hot worked and precipitation treated condition. Cu naturally occurs in the goround with ni and the alloy was a natural, and one of the first to be utilized for corrosive service. Hightemperature mechanical properties of a zirconiummodified, precipitationstrengthened nickel 30 percent copper alloy by john d. Download our catalogues and price lists as pdf files. A metal source, llc monel alloysmonel alloys distributor. They can be fabricated readily by hot and coldworking, machining, and.
Microstructure and selected properties of monel 400 alloy after laser. Recalibration shall be performed at least once per 8 h shift. It is based on nickel 6570% and copper 2029% and also contains iron and manganese 5% and other compounds. Monel r405 is the free machining version of monel 400. How do properties vary throughout a piece of material that has been quenched, for example. Alloy selection for caustic soda service created date. Monel alloys are very difficult to machine as it workhardens very quickly, needs to be turned and worked at slow speeds and low feed rates. Like monel 400, alloy r405 is resistant to sea water and steam at high temperatures as well as to salt and caustic solutions. The alloy is corrosion resistant and finds applications in marine propeller shafts, impellers, springs, valve trims, rotor blades, oil well tools and electronic components. The nominal compositions for each of these alloys are provided in table 1. Monel 400 is characterized by good general corrosion resistance, good weldability and moderate to high strength.
Microstructures of pure monel 400 and monel 400 alloyed with 100. Alloy k500, commonly referred to as kmonel, is a precipitation hardenable, nickelcopper alloy with similar corrosion resistance to that of alloy 400 but with greater strength. Pdf laser alloying monel 400 with amorphous boron to obtain. Aug 11, 2014 monel, which comes in five different forms plate, sheet, tube, pipe, pipe fittings, round bar, and wire, is a nickel alloy that contains roughly 70% nickel, 29% copper, and a small mix of iron, manganese, silicon, and carbon. Stronger than pure nickel, monel alloys are resistant to corrosion by many agents, including rapidly flowing seawater. Pickling of monel 400 alloy the pickling of alloy 400 produces vivid and clean alloy surface. Monel alloy 400 table 4 nominal roomtemperature tensile properties of monel alloy 400a some torsional properties of alloy 400 are shown in table 7. Mar 10, 2020 monel 400 is a nickelcopper alloy that is resistant to corrosion in many environments. Alloy k500 data sheet machinability alloy k500 can be readily machined in the annealed or hot worked and quench condition. Jan 24, 2020 astm b specification covers nickel copper alloys like monel alloy round bar with astm b uns n in the form of hotworked and cold worked.
Aged material can be finished machined to close tolerances and fine finishes. Our research team experiments on various developments in the industry for improvement in the products. Highperformance alloys for resistance to aqueous corrosion. This alloy is most frequently applied in a range of environments going from mildly oxidizing through neutral and to moderately reducing conditions. The increased properties are obtained by adding aluminum and titanium to the nickelcopper base, and. Precipitation hardening in nickelcopper base alloy monel k 500 g. Metal alloys most engineering metallic materials are alloys. Monel 400 used for chemical and hydrocarbon processing equipment, marine engineering, valves, pump, shafts, and. Monel nickelcopper alloy 400 uns n04400 heanjia super. Monel alloy distributor in the usa a metal source, llc is a distributor of various monel alloy grades and conditions in any size or form. Mukhopadhyay the occurrence of a significant amount of age hardening, due to the precipitation of the y phase, has been demonstrated in the nickelcopper base alloy monel k. Astm b round bar is a precipitationhardenable nickelcopper material that combines the excellent corrosion resistance characteristic of monel with the. Sep 05, 2019 historical version s view previous versions of standard. Monel alloys can be supplied as fittings, pipe, tube, sheet, bar and flanges.
Alloy 400 has excellent resistance to rapidly flowing brackish or seawater where cavitation and erosion. Table 5 hardness of coldrolled monel alloy 400 sheet and strip form and condition ksi mpa ksi mpa rockwell b elongation, % brinell 3000kg yield strength hardness 0. Pdf dissimilar combinations of monel 400 and austenitic stainless steel aisi 316 is widely used in the petrochemical, nuclear industries where the. Commonly referred to as monel k500 alloy k500 is a nickelcopper alloy which combines the excellent corrosion resistance of alloy 400 with higher strength and hardness obtained through the addition of aluminium and titanium to the nickelcopper base. Monel is a corrosion resistant nicu easily machined, and fabricated. Monel 404 has a relatively high copper content, hence is suitable for electric and electronic applications.
It stands out for its corrosion resistance and high strength even at elevated temperatures. Alloy performance guide rolled alloys rolled alloys 2 rolled alloys strength of a company lies in the strength of its people. Typical industrial applications for alloy k500 include fasteners, springs and chains for marine service, pump and valve components for. Specialty alloys with high resistance to corrosion have challenged many laboratories to refine the way they etch alloy samples for microstructural evaluation. Monel nickelcopper alloy 400 uns n04400 chemical composition. Monel 400 is a nickelcopper alloy which is mainly known for. The alloys can be welded by all normal techniques, but the advantages and limitations of fusion, resistance and pressure. Monel 400 is a solid solution nicu alloy that can be hardened by cold processing and. Additional data on hardness of various tempers of sheet and strip are in table 5. Alloy 400 has been widely used in many applications but has been particularly useful in marine and. Monel 400 is a nickelcopper alloy with high strength and excellent corrosion resistance in a range of media including sea water, hydrofluoric acid, sulfuric acid and alkalies. Monel was the brainchild of robert crooks stanley of the international nickel company. Alloy 400 has excellent resistance to rapidly flowing brackish or seawater where cavitation and erosion resistance is necessary.
Other characteristics are essentially the same as those of monel alloy 400. Alloy 400 is a nickelcopper monel is special metals corporations trademark for a family of nickelcopper alloys singlephase alloy most commonly supplied in hot worked and annealed condition. Email this page download pdf download pdf printable page. The materials for rod, bar, or wire shall conform to the mechanical properties specified by the reference material. At very close to 3% silicon, microscopic silicides appear in the alloy. Precipitation hardening in nickelcopper base alloy monel k 500. Maximum allowable design stresses for most ofthe alloys used in chemical plant equipment are published in. Rudovskii9 studied the dilution at the fusion boundary of austenitic stainless steel welded with the filler metal of monel400. Alloy k500, commonly referred to as k monel, is a precipitation hardenable, nickelcopper alloy with similar corrosion resistance to that of alloy 400 but with greater strength.
Chemical composition nominal mass content in % figures in bold type certified, figures in small italic type only approximate. Shorttime hightemperature properties of hotrolled annealed material are shown in figure 4. Monel is a group of nickel alloys, primarily composed of nickel from 52 to 67% and copper, with small amounts of iron, manganese, carbon, and silicon. Hot bending is performed from 1,200 to 1,025 c 2,192 to 1,877 f. Alloy 400 has been widely used in many applications but has been particularly useful in marine and chemical processing. Corrosion resistant monel alloys from corrotherm international. Monel, which comes in five different forms plate, sheet, tube, pipe, pipe fittings, round bar, and wire, is a nickel alloy that contains roughly 70% nickel, 29% copper, and a small mix of iron, manganese, silicon, and carbon.
In the following graphs, the lines for c276 alloy are compared with those of two popular, austenitic stainless steels 316l and 254smo, and a lowermolybdenum nickel alloy 625, in hydrochloric and sulfuric acids. All of the cuni alloys have been generically called monel almost from the very beginning. Alloy 400 is primarily a nickel copper with small additions of manganese, silicon and iron to enhance the. Vdm alloy k500 is a nickelcopper alloy that can be agehardened due to additions of aluminum and titanium. It is particularly resistant to hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids when they are deaerated. We offer nearly sixty years of experience and expertise working with specialty alloys. It is a nickelcopper alloy with a controlled amount of sulfur added to provide sulfide inclusions that act as chip breakers during machining. Whittenberger lewis research center summary a precipitationstrengthened monel type alloy has been developed through minor alloying additions of zirconium to a base ni30cu alloy. Monel 400 or alloy 400 description wire description alloy 400 is a ductile material and with combination of nickel and copper is resistant to a wide variety of corrosive conditions.
Stresscorrosion cracking of a monel 400 tube continued submitted july 23, 2004. Monel alloy 400 has excellent mechanical properties at subzero. Alloys and there came out from the camp of the philistines a champion named goliath, of gath, whose height was six cubits and a span. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of thermomechanical treatment on mechanical and metallurgical properties of nickeltitanium niti rotary instruments. Monel 400 is used for marine engineering, chemical and hydrocarbon processing equipment, valves, pumps, shafts. Alloy 400 is a single phase, solidsolution alloy that offers superior resistance to many corrosive environments over a temperature range from subzero to 800f. Ti015pd alloy ti015pd alloy t15mo5zr3al alloy ti5ta alloy akot commercially pure titanium commercially pure titanium commercially pure titanium hastelloy c monel monel zirconium hastelloy c inconel 316 stainless steel 304 stainless steel 316 stainless steel 304 stainless steel fig. Monel k500 has higher strength than monel and the strength is derived from precipitation of fine particles of ni3 al, ti. Many of the highnickel alloys can be strengthened by solid solution hardening, carbide precipitation,precipitation age hardening and by dispersion strengthened powder metallurgy. Alloy 400 data sheet uns n04400 alloy 400 uns designation n04400 is a nickelcopper solid solution alloy with high strength over a wide temperature range. Profile, k3, and one shape for the conventional alloy. What are some of the common fabrication techniques. Standard specification for precipitation hardening nickel copperaluminum alloy uns n bar, rod, wire. Monel alloy manufacturers, factory, suppliers from china, teamwork is encouraged at all levels with regular campaigns.
In this study, monel 400 is laser heat treated and laser alloyed with boron using diode laser to obtain adequate remelting and to improve the microhardness single laser tracks were produced on the. Monel 400 is a solid solution nicu alloy that can be hardened by cold processing and prevents attack in the variety of conditions. Mukhopadhyay the occurrence of a significant amount of age hardening, due to the precipitation of the y phase, has been demonstrated in the nickelcopper base alloy monel k 500. Jul 30, 20 there are a number of monel alloys available commercially including monel 400, 401, 404, r405, 450 and k500. This point is important, because many applications require good ductil. We stock alloy 400 sheets from the best mills in the world. Metals are alloyed to enhance their properties, such as strength, hardness or corrosion resistance, and to create new properties, such as shape memory effect. Using colddrawn stressrelieved material is preferable for. Monel 400 is a nickelcopper alloy about 67% ni 23% cu that is resistant to.
The big problem is that the alloys resist the etchants just as they do the corrosive conditions. It consists of two crystalline solids that form a single new solid. This critical silicon content is lower when the iron or copper content, or both, is increased. Astm b monel alloy round bar supplier astm b uns n. In marine work when monel is mentioned they mean any of the aprox 7030 nicu alloys. Alloy 400 is a nickelcopper solid solution strengthened alloy. Home products nickel base monel alloys bcscrm 3631.
However, at the high level of silicon, the alloy loses all ductility and shows no elongation in a tensile test. Vdm alloy k500 is available in cold or hotformed condition or with subsequent heat treatment in solutionannealed or. Monel, any of a group of nickelcopper alloys, first developed in 1905, containing about 66 percent nickel and 31. Ingots are sold and distributed to downstream processors who remelt the superalloys into products used within. It is resistant to sea water and steam at high temperatures, as well as salt, caustic solutions, alkalis, and sulfuric, hydrochloric, and hydrofluoric acids. Monel 400 is a nickelcopper alloy with excellent corrosion resistance in a wide variety of media. Monel 400 is a nickelcopper highperformance alloy that is resistant to the harsh corrosion and temperatures of seawater, steam at high temperatures, and other caustic solutions. Alloys, and asm metals handbook volume 9, metallography and microstructures. Abstract in this paper the author describes the welding of monel and the heattreatable modification known as k monel. It has excellent low temperature properties with tensile and yield strengths increasing. Monel alloy 400 a nickelcopper alloy with high strength and excellent corrosion resistance in a range of media including sea water, hydrofluoric acid, sulfuric acid, and alkalis.
Pdf corrosion protection of monel alloy coated with. Monel 400 is a nickelcopper alloy, resistant to sea water and steam at high temperatures as well as to salt and caustic solutions. A controlled amount of sulfur is added to the alloy to provide sulfide inclusions that act as chip breakers during machining. Monel is widely used in the chemical, oil and marine industries. The following mechanical properties of vdm alloy 400 apply to the. Vdm alloy 400 is a singlephase, solid solution, nickelcopper alloy with excellent. Virtually nonmagnetic, even at quite low temperatures exceptionally good dimensional stability resistant to a sourgas environment excellent corrosion resistance together with increased strength and hardness of that of alloy 400 monel alloy k500 special metals popular monel k500 is a unique nickelcopper superalloy and offers many of the benefits of monel 400, but with strength. The most common grades of monel are monel 400, monel 405, and monel k500, each with their own unique properties. The increased properties are obtained by adding aluminum and titanium to the nickelcopper base, and by heating. How are metal alloys classified and how are they used. Used for chemical and hydrocarbon processing equipment, marine engineering, valves, pump, shafts, and. The alloy is characterized by moderate strength, good weldability, good general corrosion resistance and toughness.
In this work, we demonstrate that monel alloy coated with graphene quantum dots gqd changes the corrosion rate with a surge increase caused by the galvanic coupling of the two materials. Astm b164 pdf astm b specification covers nickel copper alloys like monel alloy round bar with astm b uns n in the form of hotworked and cold worked. The recommended practice is to machine slightly oversize, age harden and finish to size. He had a helmet of bronze on his head, and he was armed with a coat of mail, and the weight of the coat was five thousand shekels of bronze. In this alloy the silicon is held at a level not in excess of 3. In my really old books monel refers to specific inco brand name alloys, but i guess now it is like calling any similar milling machine a bridgeport or any gtaw machine a heliarc. Ball research metallurgist, the mond nickel company ltd. Monel k500 alloy k500, uns n05500 shaped, flat, square, round, fine wire, plated and unplated astm b865, ams 4676, qqn286 alloy k500 description alloy k500 is a nickel copper alloy which combines the excellent corrosion resistance of alloy 400 with the added advantages of greater strength and hardness. Engineering alloys can be broadly divided into ferrous alloys and nonferrous alloys metal global demand tonnes, x. Properties of some metals and alloys nickel institute. In its standard annealed condition it is easy to form and fabricate with no requirements for additional heat treatments to rebalance the alloy.
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